IMF Working Paper 07/87 (PDF). Financial Stability Forum. 5 March 2018. p. 30. Jurisdictions with the biggest monetary systems relative to GDP (Display 23) tend to have fairly larger OFI [or Shadow Banking] sectors: Luxembourg (at 92% of overall monetary properties), the Cayman Islands (85%), Ireland (76%) and the Netherlands (58%) Javier Garcia-Bernardo; Jan Fichtner; Frank W. Takes; Eelke M. Heemskerk (24 July 2017). " Uncovering Offshore Financial Centers: Conduits and Sinks in the International Business Ownership Network". 7 (6246 ): 6246. ar, Xiv:. Bibcode:2017 Nat, SR..7. 6246G. doi:10. 1038/s41598 -017 -06322 -9. PMC. PMID 28740120. Cassis, Youssef (2006 ). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-33522-8.
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